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Felix Paul Greve's Autobiographical Sketch
of March 1907
for
Brümmer's
Literary Dictionary*:
a Blueprint for Frederick Philip Grove's Invented Canadian
Identity [1]
*[see Bison Entry & the
following illustrations: title
page + 1913 fpg's
entry, 1913, v.2]
e-Edition, translation, & annotations
by Gaby Divay
© January 2001, e-Edition 2005
How to cite this
document
Greve composed the astounding
document presented as German & English parallel texts
below in March 1907. It was found by University of Queen's
Professor D. O. Spettigue soon after he made the spectacular
discovery in October 1971 that the Canadian author Frederick
Philip Grove had been André Gide's translator,
Felix Paul Greve. Spettigue analyzed this autobiographical
sketch in his seminal book FPG: The European Years (Ottawa:
Oberon, 1973), and rightly called it a blueprint to Grove's
two autobiographical books, A Search for America (1927,
e-Ed. 2000) and In Search of Myself (1946, e-Ed.
2007).
Desmond Pacey included this letter and Greve's submission
for Brümmer's Lexicon in his authoritative
edition of The Letters of Frederick Philip Grove (Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1976, 538-541). His note following
the English translation on page 541 reads: "On page
439 of the Lexicon (Vol. 2) the entry on Greve summarizes
the substance of this letter. The outline of this autobiography
substantially agrees with what Frederick Philip Grove was
later to say about his early life, although Grove claimed
Swedish nationality and said that he was born sometime
between 1871 and 1873."
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To:
Franz Brümmer, Nauen
From: Felix Paul Greve, Berlin W[est], Nachodstraße
24 [type-script]
Date: March 6, 1907
Source:
Typescript copy in Spettigue Collection [Mss 56], UM
Libraries, Archives & Special Collections.
Note: also published, with English translation,
in:
The Letters of Frederick Philip Grove,Editor,
Desmond Pacey, Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1976,
538-541
Original: Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, Berlin
Electronic version & translation: prepared by Gaby
Divay, January 2001, rev.2005. |
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Sehr
geehrter Herr,
Wollen Sie bitte entschuldigen, wenn ich Ihre
seinerzeit gesandte Aufforderung, Ihnen Daten
für Ihr Lexikon
anzugeben, so lange unbeantwortet ließ. Ich
war mit Arbeiten überhäuft. Beifolgend
sende ich Ihnen einige biographische Notizen.
Hochachtungsvoll
Ihr sehr ergebener
Felix P.Greve |
Dear
Sir,[1a]
Please,
forgive me, for letting your invitation to provide
you with data for your dictionary go unanswered
for so long. I was over-burdened with work. Please,
find enclosed some biographical notes.
Sincerely
yours,
Felix P. Greve |
[Submission]:
Ich wurde geboren am 14. II. 1879 zu Radomno,
einem deutsch-russischen Grenzort, als
Sohn mecklen-burgischer Eltern, die dort
vorübergehend ein Gut
besassen.
Meine frühere Jugend verlebte
ich dann auf einem pommerschen Gutshof,
die Jahre meines geistigen Erwachens
in Hamburg. Dort absolvirte [sic!] ich
die lateinische Realschule St. Pauli,
da ich zunächst
nach eigener Neigung und nach dem Wunsch
meiner Eltern für den Kaufmannsberuf
bestimmt war. Eigentlich erst, als ich
schon in die Lehre treten sollte, kam
mir der Gedanke an die Möglichkeit
des Studirens [sic!]: und zwar, wenn
ich aufrichtig sein soll, aus einer Art
Größenwahn [2] heraus.
Ich war nämlich fest
davon überzeugt, daß ich irgendwie
einmal in der Welt einen Mittelpunkt
abgeben müßte: ich hatte die
Absicht, allerlei aus den Angeln zu heben:
Mittel und Wege waren mir gleichgültig.
Es folgten ein paar Jahre fieberhafter
Vorbereitung auf das Abiturienten Examen.
In den alten Sprachen bin ich fast vollständig
Autodidakt.
Da mir trotz der ungünstigen
Umstände
dieser Versuch glänzend gelang --
ich machte mein Abiturientenexamen am
Johanneum mit Auszeichnung -- so war
ich in meinen weiten, aber noch sehr
ungestimmten Plänen
bestärkt. Wenn ich wiederum aufrichtig
sein soll, [3] so
richteten sich meine Pläne, wenn
sie überhaupt
Gestalt annahmen, eher aufs Technisc
als aufs Schönwissenschaftliche.
Ich stellte mir vor, ich werde eines
Tages Luftschiffe bauen oder ein leichtes
Automobil erfinden, das mit zwei Pferdekräften
so viel zu leisten imstande wäre
wie heute eins mit fünfzig Pferdekräften.
Von solchen Gedanken bin ich noch heute
nicht frei.
Trotzdem studierte ich Archäologie
und alte Sprachen. Das Studium führte
mich, bald eifrig, bald lässig betrieben,
nach Bonn, Paris, London, Rom, Neapel,
Griechenland und schließlich nach
München.
In München begann ich, veranlaßt
durch einen blossen Zufall, zu übersetzen,
und -- zunächst in parodistischer
Absicht -- zu dichten.
Aus Lässigkeit
und Verachtung der landesüblichen
Karrieren gab ich mein Studium auf, überzeugt,
daß ich
auf jedem Wege durchs Leben und an meine
Ziele gelangen werde. Dieser Überzeugung
bin ich noch heute.
Mit dreiundzwanzig
Jahren heiratete ich. [4]
Etwa
gleichzeitig [5] veröffentlichte
ich zwei Bändchen Verse, die schlecht
sind, sobald man ihre parodistische Absicht [6] außer
acht läßt.
Seither lebte ich
abwechselnd in Süditalien, der Schweiz,
Nordfrankreich und jetzt in Berlin. [7]
Während der vier Jahre meiner
Ehe schrieb ich zwei Romane und eine
Komödie. [8]
Ich
habe die Absicht, in den nächsten
Jahren ein paar Werke zu schreiben, die
ich für
wichtiger halte, als alles, was ich bisher
geschrieben habe, obgleich auch in ihnen
allerlei Beachtenswertes stecken dürfte.
[9]
Verzeichnis
meiner Schriften:
Wanderungen (Gedichte) -- 1902
Helena und Damon, Ein Spiel in Versen --
ebenda 1902
Oscar Wilde, eine Studie --Berlin, 1903
Randarabesken zu Oscar Wilde -- Minden,
1903
Fanny Essler, Ein Berliner Roman -- Stuttgart,
1905
Maurermeister Ihles Haus, Roman -- Berlin,
1907
Der heimliche Adel, Komödie --
(erscheint vorläufig nicht im Buchhandel, da
ich zuvor eine Aufführung abwarte)
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[Submission]:
I was born as the son of Mecklenburg parents
on February 14, 1879, in Radomno, a German
Russian border town where my parents
temporarily owned an estate.
The most tender
years of my youth were spent on a domain in
Pomerania, while those marking the awakening
of my personality were lived in Hamburg. There
I was educated at the Realschule of St. Pauli,
since I was destined by my own inclination
and by my parents' wishes to become apprenticed
to a commercial career. When I was about to
begin my apprenticeship, I had the idea to
pursue studies for a higher education. To be
honest, it was in a fit akin to megalomania.[2]
For
I
was convinced that I was somehow destined to play
a central role in the world: I had all the good
intentions to change the course of history, regardless
of the means.
A few years of feverish preparations
for the high school examinations followed. In the
classical languages, I am almost entirely self-taught.
Since despite the rather unfavorable conditions
I succeeded in my efforts beyond all expectations
-- I passed my examinations at the Johanneum
with rare distinction -- I felt confirmed in
my high-flying, yet rather nebulous plans.
To be quite honest again,[3] my plans, as far as they took on some contours,
were aiming at technical inventions rather
than Belletristik endeavours.
I imagined that
I would one day invent a flying machine or
a light automobile which would be in a position
to produce with two horse-powers as much speed
as fifty horse-powers can yield today.
To this
very day I am not free from such dreams.
However,
I enrolled in a programme of archaeology and
classical languages instead. My studies, conducted
diligently at times, and more leisurely at
others, led me to Bonn, Paris, London, Rom,
Neapel, Greece, and eventually to Munich. In
Munich, I began translating by pure coincidence,
and also to engage -- at first, with satirical
intentions -- in creative writing.
Out of indifference
and contempt for the usual career options I
abandoned my studies, for I was convinced that
I would achieve success and reach my goals
no matter which course I chose. This conviction
I still harbour today.
When
I was twenty-three years old, I was married.[4]
At the same time,[5] I
had two volumes of verse published. They are
admittedly mediocre, if the intended spirit
of parody is not considered.[6]
Since then,
I lived in southern Italy, Switzerland, and northern
France, and am presently in Berlin.[7]
In the four years of my married life I wrote
two novels and a comedy.[8]
In
the next few years, I intend to write a few
works which I consider of for more important
than everything written so far, although thoughts
remarkable enough may be discovered there as
well.[9]
A List of my publications:
Wanderungen (Poems) -- 1902
Helena und Damon, A Lyrical Play -- also
1902
Oscar Wilde, A Study -- Berlin, 1903
Randarabesken zu Oscar Wilde -- Minden,
1903
Fanny Essler, A Novel of Berlin Roman --
Stuttgart, 1905
Maurermeister Ihles Haus, A Novel -- Berlin,
1907
Der heimliche Adel, A Comedy --
(not yet available in print, since I am awaiting a stage
production first)
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It took some
six years before the next edition of Brümmer's Lexikon was
published in 1913. Greve had by then assumed his Canadian
identity as a teacher named "Fred Grove" in
Manitoba's Mennonite communities Winkler and Morden.
Though drastically reduced, Greve's entry on p. 439 of
volume 2 still leaves plenty of links tying it to Grove's
official biography.
Note that Greve declares to have been married in 1902:
it was in December of that year that he and Else von Freytag-Loringhoven,
then the wife of his friend August Endell, became lovers.
The pair "eloped" with Endell in tow in late
January 1903,
& spent several months each in Palermo, Italy, Wollerau,
Switzerland,
& Paris-Plage, France, before moving back to Berlin
in early 1906. There they were finally united in matrimony
in August 1907.
Both became bigamists in North America when
they respectively married in late 1913 in New York & in
August 1914 in Swift Current, Saskatchewan.
Greve
disappeared from Germany in July 1909 by means of a faked
suicide. Else followed him to Pittsburgh a year later,
where she was arrested for wearing men's clothes & smoking
in public on Fifth Avenue [see NY Times note, Sept. 1910).
The disgraceful year Greve
had spent in Bonn prison for fraud in 1903/4 was obviously
not mentioned in neither the 1907 submission nor the 1913
published entry. Any reference to it is also lacking in
Grove's autobiographies, |
Entry [ill.] in
the 6th edition of Brümmer's Authors' Lexicon, 1913, v.2,
p.439:
Lexikon der deutschen Dichter und Prosaisten, vom Beginn des 19.
Jahrhunderts bis zur Gegenwart. 6., völlig, neu bearbeitete
und stark vermehrte Auflage. Leipzig: Reclam, 1913. 8v. in 4.
v.2, Dennert bis Grütter, 439:
Greve, Felix Paul, geb[oren] am 14. Februar 1879 zu Radomno, einem deutsch-russischen
Grenzorte, als der Sohn mecklenburgischer Eltern, die dort vorübergehend
ein Gut besaßen, verlebte seine Kindheit auf einem pommerschen Gutshof
und die Jahre seines geistigen Erwachens in Hamburg, wo er die lateinische Realschule
St. Pauli absolvierte, da er sich dem Kaufmannsberuf widmen sollte.
Indes kurz
vor dem Eintritt in die Lehre kam ihm der Gedanke an die Möglichkeit
des Studierens. Nach einigenJahren fieberhafter Vorbereitung bestand er das
Abiturientenexamen am Gymnasium Johanneum in Hamburg, und obwohl seine Zukunftspläne
mehr auf das Technische gerichtet waren, wandte er sich doch dem Studium
der alten Sprachen u[nd] der Archäologie zu.
Es führte ihn nach
Bonn, Paris, London, Rom, Neapel, Griechenland und schließlich nach
München, wo er, durch einen
bloßen Zufall veranlaßt, seine Tätigkeit als Übersetzer
englischer u[nd] französischer Werke begann.
Aus Lässigkeit u[nd]
Verachtung der landesüblichen Karrieren gab er nun sein Studium auf,
um hinfort als freier Schriftsteller zu wirken.
Nach seiner Verheiratung
(1902) lebte er abwechselnd in Süditalien, der Schweiz, Nordfrankreich
und jetzt (1906) in Berlin.
S: Wanderungen (Ge.),
1902. -- Helena und Damon (Ein Spiel in V.), 1902. -- Oscar Wilde (Literar.
Studie), 1903. -- Randarabesken zu Oscar Wilde, 1903. -- Fanny
Essler (Berliner
R.), 1905. -- Maurermeister Ihles Haus (R.), 1907. -- Tausend
und ein Tag (Orient. Erz., übertragen); IV, 1909ff. |

[1]The sources in the Spettigue
Collection and the Rare Book Room were used as the
textual basis of this document.
[1a] Translation by Gaby Divay, © January
2001; occasional inspiration, as provided by the
English version published in D. Pacey's Letters
of Frederick Philip Grove, 1976, 540-541, is
hereby gratefully acknowledged.
[2]Here we have, for the first
time, FPG's own admission that he is aware of megalomanic
tendencies.
[3]Yet another confessional
report of high-flying inspirations.
[4]This points to the year 1902 and the
beginning of 1903, when Greve, born on February 14,
1879, was twenty-three years old. In a variety of sources
it is attested that Greve and Else, wife of Greve's
friend August Endell, became lovers at Christmas 1902.
In late January, they went to Hamburg , stayed briefly
at the posh Hôtel de L'Europe, and embarked for Palermo.
The doubly betrayed husband was allowed to tag along as
far as Naples, where he was left behind with a consolation
bicycle.
[5]These two publications
appeared while Greve was in Munich, and before his
fateful infatuation with Else Endell in Berlin: Wanderungen was
published privately in February 1902, Helena & Damon in
March 1902.
[6]While in Munich, Greve
tried very hard to be accepted by the poet Stefan George
and his circle. Particularly, he was courting Karl
Wolfskehl, as his correspondence amply demonstrates
(in UMA Spettigue Collection, originals in Deutsches
Literatur-Archiv, Marbach].
[7]Until April/May 1903, Greve
and Else stayed in Palermo. from June 1903 to June
1904, Greve was imprisoned in Bonn for defrauding
his friend Herman Kilian for the enormous sum of
M10,000. After Greve's release, the couple stayed
in voluntary exile, first in Wollerau, near Zürich, and then
in Paris-Plage/Étaples on the French Channel
coast. They moved back to Berlin in February 1906.
[8]This refers to the period
of 1903 to 1907. Greve's two novels about Else's life
appeared in 1905 -- Fanny Essler, and in 1906/7
-- Maurermeister Ihles Haus. The comedy likely
refers to Der heimliche Adel, which appears
to have neither been staged nor published.
[9]Note
the megalomanic tone of this particular statement
and earlier in this letter. Grove will have similarly
megalomanic phases which are well documented in his
correspondence. The version eventually published
in the literary dictionary is much shorter, and has
these strangely confessional passages obliterated
-- see below for a side-by-side presentation of the
two texts.
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How
to cite this e-document: Divay,
Gaby. "Greve's
Autobiographical Sketch of March 1907:
a Blueprint for Frederick Philip Grove's
Invented Canadian Identity." Winnipeg:
University of Manitoba, Archives & Special
Collections, ©2001,
e-Ed. 2005.
<http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/fpg/bio/autob1907.html>
Accessed ddmmmyyyy [ex:20jan2005]. [browser preview: 6 p.] |
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University of Manitoba,
Archives & Special Collections
Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2, 204-474-6483 ; Fax 7913
Questions or Comments? Email gaby_divay@umanitoba.ca
© 2005 University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections |
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